A population pyramid or "age-sex pyramid" is a graphical illustration of the distribution of a population (typically that of a country or region of the world) by age groups and sex; it typically forms the shape of a pyramid when the population is growing. Males are usually shown on the left and females on the right, and they may be measured by count or as a percentage of the total population An admission essay is an essay or other written statement by a candidate, often a potential student enrolling in a college, university, or graduate school. You can be rest assurred that through our service we will write the best admission essay for you Jan 09, · Some pyramids had nearby small pyramids or other kinds of tombs set aside for family members. Pharaohs were believed to ascend to heaven on the rays of the sun. In ancient Egypt, it was believed that death began a journey that brought the person to the next world of the afterlife
Palenque - Wikipedia
Palenque Spanish pronunciation: [pa'leŋke] ; Yucatec Maya : Bàakʼ [ɓaːkʼ]also anciently known as Lakamha literally: "Big Water"was a Maya city state in southern Mexico that perished in the 7th century. The Palenque ruins date from ca. It is located near the Usumacinta River in the Mexican state of Chiapasabout km 81 mi south of Ciudad del Carmenmeters ft above sea level, essay on pyramids.
It averages a humid essay on pyramids °C 79 °F with roughly 2, millimeters 85 in of rain a year. Palenque is a medium-sized site, smaller than TikalChichen Itzaessay on pyramids Copánessay on pyramids, but it contains some of the finest architecture, sculpture, roof comb and bas-relief carvings that the Mayas produced.
Much of the history of Palenque has been reconstructed from reading the hieroglyphic inscriptions on the many monuments; historians now have a long sequence of the ruling dynasty of Palenque in the 5th century and extensive knowledge of the city-state's rivalry with other states such as Calakmul and Toniná.
The most famous ruler of Palenque was K'inich Janaab Pakalessay on pyramids, or Pacal the Great, whose tomb has been found and excavated in the Essay on pyramids of the Inscriptions. Bythe discovered area covered up to 2. Palenque receivedvisitors in Mythological beings using a variety of emblem glyphs in their titles suggests a complex early essay on pyramids. For instance, Kʼukʼ Bahlam Ithe supposed founder of the Palenque dynasty, is called a Toktan Ajaw in the text of the Temple of the Foliated Cross.
The famous structures that we know today probably represent a rebuilding effort in response to the attacks by the city essay on pyramids Calakmul and its client states in and He is known through his funerary monument dubbed the Temple of Inscriptionsafter the lengthy text preserved in the temple's superstructure. At the time Alberto Ruz Lhuillier excavated Pakal's essay on pyramids, it was the richest and best preserved of any scientifically excavated burial then known from the ancient Americas.
It held this position until the discovery of the rich Moche burials at SipanPeru and the recent discoveries at Copan and Calakmul. Beside the attention that K'inich Janaab' Pakal's tomb brought to Palenque, essay on pyramids, the city is historically significant for essay on pyramids extensive hieroglyphic corpus composed during the reigns of Janaab' Pakal, his son Kʼinich Kan Bahlam IIessay on pyramids his grandson K'inich Akal Mo' Naab', and for being the location where Heinrich Berlin [4] and later Linda Schele and Peter Mathews outlined the first dynastic list for any Maya city.
A list of possible and known Maya rulers [9] [10] of the city, with dates of their reigns:, essay on pyramids. The first ajawor king, of B'aakal that we know of was K'uk Balam Quetzal Jaguarwho governed for four years starting in the year After him, a king came to power, essay on pyramids, nicknamed " Casper essay on pyramids by archaeologists.
The next two kings were probably Casper' s sons. Little was known essay on pyramids the first of these, B'utz Aj Sak Chiik, untilwhen a tablet was found describing a ritual for the king.
The first tablet mentioned his successor Ahkal Mo' Naab I as a teenage prince, and therefore it is believed that there was a family relation between them. For unknown reasons, Akhal Mo' Naab I had great prestige, so the kings who succeeded him were proud to be his descendants.
When Ahkal Mo' Naab I died inthere was an interregnum of four years, before the following king was crowned at Toktán in K'an Joy Chitam I governed for 36 years. His sons Ahkal Mo' Naab II and K'an B'alam I were the first kings who used the title Kinichwhich means "the great sun ". This word was used also by later kings.
B'alam was succeeded in by Yohl Ik'nalwho was supposedly his daughter. The inscriptions found in Palenque document a battle that occurred under her government in which troops from Calakmul invaded and sacked Palenque, a military feat without known precedents.
These events took place in A second victory by Calakmul occurred some twelve years later, inunder the government of Aj Ne' Yohl Matson of Yohl Iknal. In this occasion, the king of Calakmul entered Palenque in person, consolidating a significant military disaster, essay on pyramids was followed by an epoch essay on pyramids political disorder.
Aj Ne' Yohl Mat was to die in B'aakal began the Late Classic period in the throes of the disorder created by the defeats before Calakmul. The glyphic panels at the Temple of Inscriptionswhich records the events at this time, relates that some fundamental annual essay on pyramids ceremonies were not performed inand at this point states: "Lost is the divine lady, lost is the king.
It is believed that after the death of Aj Ne' Yohl Mat, essay on pyramids, Janaab Pakalalso called Pakal I, took power thanks to a political agreement. Janaab Pakal assumed the functions of the ajaw king but never was crowned. He was succeeded in by his daughter, the queen Sak K'uk'essay on pyramids, who governed for only three years until her son was old enough to rule. It is considered that the dynasty was reestablished from then on, so B'aakal retook the path of glory and splendor.
The grandson of Janaab Pakal is the essay on pyramids famous of the Mayan kings, essay on pyramids, K'inich Janaab' Pakal, also known as Pakal the Great. He began rule at the age of 12 years after his mother Sak Kuk resigned as queen after three years, thus passing power on to him. Pakal the Great reigned in Palenque from toand his mother remained an important force for the first 25 years of his rule.
She may have ruled jointly with him. Known as the favorite of the gods, he carried Palenque to new levels of splendor, in spite of having come to power when the city was at a low point. Pakal married the princess of Oktán, Lady Tzakbu Ajaw also known as Ahpo-Hel in and had at least three children.
Most of the palaces and temples of Palenque were constructed during his government; the city flourished as never before, eclipsing Tikal. The central complex, known as The Palace, was enlarged and remodeled on various occasions, notably in the years, essay on pyramids, and In this structure, is a text describing how in that epoch Palenque was newly allied with Tikal, and also with Yaxchilanand that they were able to capture the six enemy kings of the alliance.
Not much more had been translated from the text, essay on pyramids. After the death of Pakal inhis older son K'inich Kan B'alam assumed the kingship of B'aakal, who in turn was succeeded in by his brother K'inich K'an Joy Chitam II.
The first continued the architectural and sculptural works that were begun by his father, as well as finishing the construction of the famous tomb of Pakal. Pakal's sarcophagus, built for a very tall man, held the richest collection of jade seen in a Mayan tomb. A jade mosaic mask was placed over his face, and a suit made of jade adorned his body, with each piece hand-carved and held essay on pyramids by gold wire.
Furthermore, K'inich Kan B'alam I began ambitious projects, including the Group of the Crosses. Thanks to numerous works begun during his government, now we have portraits of this essay on pyramids, found in various sculptures. His brother succeeded him continuing with the same enthusiasm of construction and art, reconstructing and enlarging the north side of the Palace.
Thanks to the reign of these three kings, B'aakal had a century of growing essay on pyramids splendor. Inessay on pyramids, Palenque was sacked by the realm of Tonináand the old king K'inich K'an Joy Chitam II was taken prisoner. It is not known what the final fate of the king was, and it is presumed that he was executed in Toniná. For 10 years there was no king. Finally, K'inich Ahkal Mo' Nab' III was crowned in Although the new king belonged to the royalty, there is no evidence that he was the direct inheritor direct of K'inich K'an Joy Chitam II.
It is believed, therefore, that this coronation was a break in the dynastic line, and probably K'inich Ahkal Nab' arrived to power after years of maneuvering and forging political alliances. This king, his son, and grandson governed until the end of the 8th century. Little is known about this period, except that, among other events, the war with Toniná continued, where there are hieroglyphics that record a new defeat of Palenque.
Occasionally city-state lords were women. Lady Sak Kuk ruled at Palenque for at least three years starting in CE, before she passed her title to her son. However, essay on pyramids, these female rulers were accorded male attributes.
Thus, essay on pyramids, these women became more masculine as they assumed roles that were typically male roles. During the 8th century, B'aakal came under increasing stress, in concert with most other Classic Mayan city-states, and there was no new elite construction in the ceremonial center sometime after An agricultural population continued to live here for a few generations, then the site was abandoned and was slowly grown over by the forest.
The district was very sparsely populated when the Spanish first arrived in the s. The Temple of Inscriptions had begun perhaps as early as [13] as the funerary monument of Hanab-Pakal. The temple superstructure houses the second longest glyphic text known from the Maya world the longest is the Hieroglyphic Stairway at Copan. The Temple of the Inscriptions records approximately years of the city's history from the 4th through 12th K'atun.
The focal point of the narrative records K'inich Janaab' Pakal's K'atun period-ending rituals focused on the icons of the city's patron deities prosaically known collectively as the Palenque Triad or individually as GI, essay on pyramids, GII, and GIII. The Pyramid measures 60 meters wide, The Summit temple measures The largest stones weigh 12 to 15 tons. These were on top of the Pyramid.
The Total volume of pyramid and temple is 32, cu. In Alberto Essay on pyramids Lhuillier removed a stone slab in the floor of the back room of the temple superstructure to reveal a passageway filled in shortly before the city's abandonment and reopened by archeologists leading through a long stairway to Pakal's tomb.
The tomb itself is remarkable for its large carved sarcophagus, the rich ornaments accompanying Pakal, and for the stucco sculpture decorating essay on pyramids walls of the tomb.
Unique to Pakal's tomb is the psychoduct, which leads from the tomb itself, up the stairway and through a hole in the stone covering the entrance to the burial. This psychoduct is perhaps a physical reference to concepts about the departure of the soul at the time of death in Maya eschatology where in the inscriptions the phrase ochb'ihaj sak ik'il the white breath road-entered is used to refer to the leaving of the soul.
A find such as this is greatly important because it demonstrated for the first time the temple usage as being multifaceted. These pyramids were, for the first essay on pyramids, identified as temples and also funerary structures. The much-discussed iconography essay on pyramids the sarcophagus lid depicts Pakal in the guise of one of the manifestations of the Maya maize god emerging from the maws of the underworld.
The temple also has a duct structure that still is not completely understood by archaeologists. It has been suggested that the duct aligns with the winter solstice and that the sun shines down on Pakal's tomb. The Temple of the CrossTemple of the Sunand Temple of the Foliated Cross are a set of graceful temples atop step pyramidseach with an elaborately carved relief in the inner chamber depicting two figures presenting ritual objects and effigies to a central icon.
Earlier interpretations had argued that the smaller figure essay on pyramids that of K'inich Janaab' Pakal while the larger figure was K'inich Kan B'ahlam, essay on pyramids. However, it is now known based on a better understanding of the iconography and epigraphy that the central tablet depicts two images of Kan B'ahlam. The smaller figure shows K'inich Kan B'ahlam during a rite of passage ritual at the age of six 9. The Palacea complex of several connected and adjacent buildings essay on pyramids courtyards, was built by several generations on a wide artificial terrace during four century period.
The Palace was used by the Mayan aristocracy for bureaucratic functions, entertainment, and ritualistic ceremonies. The Palace is located in the center of the ancient city. Within the Palace there are numerous sculptures and bas-relief carvings that have been conserved.
The Palace most unusual and recognizable feature is the four-story tower known as The Observation Tower.
Persuasive Writing [Advanced]: The Reverse/Inverted Pyramid
, time: 4:55Critical Analysis Essay: Full Writing Guide with Examples | EssayPro
A population pyramid or "age-sex pyramid" is a graphical illustration of the distribution of a population (typically that of a country or region of the world) by age groups and sex; it typically forms the shape of a pyramid when the population is growing. Males are usually shown on the left and females on the right, and they may be measured by count or as a percentage of the total population Palenque (Spanish pronunciation: ; Yucatec Maya: Bàakʼ), also anciently known as Lakamha (literally: "Big Water"), was a Maya city state in southern Mexico that perished in the 7th century. The Palenque ruins date from ca. BC to ca. AD. [citation needed] After its decline, it was overgrown by the jungle of cedar, mahogany, and sapodilla trees, but has since been excavated and restored Aug 19, · Creating a Critical Analysis Essay Outline. An outline helps to put your arguments in order. Creating a good overview will help you write a critical analysis essay fast and be consistent with your message. Most instructors will provide a sample of a critical analysis essay outline to help you write a well-organized analysis paper
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